He became acquainted with the Russian language through communication with household serfs and his nanny, Arina Rodionovna, whom he loved dearly and to whom he was more attached than to his own mother. Pushkin's mother, Nadezhda Gannibal Early life īorn in Moscow, Pushkin was entrusted to nursemaids and French tutors, and spoke mostly French until the age of ten. After education in France as a military engineer, Gannibal became governor of Reval and eventually Général en Chef (the third most senior army rank) in charge of the building of sea forts and canals in Russia. Later research by the scholars Dieudonné Gnammankou and Hugh Barnes eventually conclusively established that Gannibal was instead born in Central Africa, in an area bordering Lake Chad in modern-day Cameroon. Vladimir Nabokov, when researching Eugene Onegin, cast serious doubt on this origin theory. Largely on the basis of a mythical biography by Gannibal's son-in-law Rotkirkh, some historians concluded from this that Gannibal was born in a village called Geza-Lamza in the Seraye province of Mdre Bahri kingdom in today's Eritrea. Abram wrote in a letter to Empress Elizabeth, Peter the Great's daughter, that Gannibal was from the town of 'Lagon'. Ossip Abramovich Gannibal's father, Pushkin's great-grandfather, was Abram Petrovich Gannibal (1696–1781), an African page kidnapped to Constantinople as a gift to the Ottoman Sultan and later transferred to Russia as a gift for Peter the Great. She was the daughter of Ossip Abramovich Gannibal (1744–1807) and his wife, Maria Alekseyevna Pushkina (1745–1818). Pushkin's mother, Nadezhda (Nadya) Ossipovna Gannibal (1775–1836), was descended through her paternal grandmother from German and Scandinavian nobility. Pushkin's father, Sergei Lvovich Pushkin (1767–1848), was descended from a distinguished family of the Russian nobility that traced its ancestry back to the 12th century. Pushkin was fatally wounded in a duel with his wife's alleged lover and her sister's husband Georges-Charles de Heeckeren d'Anthès, also known as Dantes-Gekkern, a French officer serving with the Chevalier Guard Regiment. His novel in verse, Eugene Onegin, was serialized between 18. While under the strict surveillance of the Tsar's political police and unable to publish, Pushkin wrote his most famous play, the drama Boris Godunov. Upon graduation from the Lycée, Pushkin recited his controversial poem ' Ode to Liberty', one of several that led to his exile by Tsar Alexander I. He published his first poem at the age of 15, and was widely recognized by the literary establishment by the time of his graduation from the Tsarskoye Selo Lyceum. His maternal great-grandfather was Major-General Abram Petrovich Gannibal, a nobleman of Cameroonian origin who was kidnapped from his homeland and raised in the Emperor's court household as his godson. His father, Sergey Lvovich Pushkin, belonged to an old noble family. Pushkin was born into the Russian nobility in Moscow. He is considered by many to be the greatest Russian poet and the founder of modern Russian literature. Aleksandr Sergeyevich Pushkin, IPA: ( listen) 6 June 1799 – 10 February 1837) was a Russian poet, playwright, and novelist of the Romantic era.

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